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( UNITED STATES PATENT IEEicE.

FRANKLIN B. sTEvENs AND JOSEPH L. B'OND, OF PORT HURON, MICHIGAN,ASSIGNORS TO SAID STEVENS AND THEODORE F. OARMAN, OFMENLO PARK, NEWVJERSEY.

MARINE TEMPERATURE-INDICATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Iatent No. 284,774, datedSeptember 11, 1883.

Application filed November 7, 1881. (N model.)

T0 at whom it .may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANKLIN B. STEvENs and JOSEPH L. BOND, of PortHuron, in the county of St. Clair and State of Michigan, have in ventedan Improvement in Marine Temperatare-Indicators; and the following isdeclared to be a description of the same.

Our invention consists of a new and improved means for ascertaining thetemperature of water at any required depth in the ocean, in

lakes, or in rivers, the main object being to increase the safety ofocean navigation, both in steam and sailing vessels, by showing thedecrease of temperaturein water at agiven depth I 5 when approaching aniceberg during thenight or in foggy weather, or the increase when inshallow water, any variation being at. once shown by the thermometer,which forms apart of the device. The apparatus may be placed in any partof the vessel most convenient for observation. We attain this object bythe mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure1 is a cross-section of a vessel, showing the position and generalarrangement of the apparatus; and Fig. 2 is a vertical section of thetemperatureindicator, with some parts in elevation.

A is a vessel, which is preferably made of 0 glass, and resting upon apacking, b, in the lower head or plate, B, and it is covered by theupper head or plate, F, also made with a packing, 0, for the vessel; orsaid vessel A may be made of metal and cast in one piece with heads 3 5B and F, if preferred. Through the lower plate, B, two pipes, O and D,are inserted, 0 being the supply-pipe and passing from the inner surfaceof plate B through the side or bottompart of the vessel. D is thedischarge-pipe,

the upper end of which passes through plate B, and projects above thebulbof the thermometer E E sufficiently to keep the bulb containing themercury constantly immersed in the water passing through vessel A. Thelower 5 end of this pipepasses down into the bilge-water in the hold ofthe vessel, below the waterline, the two pipes thus arranged forming asiphon, by means of which a constant flow of water around the mercury ofthe thermometer is secured; A cook or valve is placed in each pipe belowthe vessel A. By closing these cocks or valves simultaneously theoperation of the device will be stopped and the water retained in thepipes, ready for starting instantly upon opening the valves. The lowerend of the thermometer E E passes through plate F, the enlarged part ofthe thermometer holder or case above the bulb resting upon the rubberpacking d, and said thermometer is held firmly in place by the cap G, atthe top of the same, over which nuts H H are screwed upon rods I I,fastened in the plate F. The thermometer can be easily removed orreplaced.

a a are screw-rods passing through the plates B and F, holding themfirmly together and clamping 'the vessel A, and making a watertightjoint by means of the packings I) c aforesaid between the respectiveends of the vessel A and plates B F.

J J are the cocks or valves through which the water passes to and fromcylinder A.

K K are couplings connecting the supply and discharge pipes with saidcocks or valvesJ J. The Water may also be supplied to vessel A, throughpipe 0, by means of a force-pump.

WVe provide a pipe, f, outside the vessel, and connecting with thesupply-pipe O at the side or bottom of the vessel, and we providearopeor chain or other suitable means for raising the said pipe f, orlowering it, as may be desired, to a greater depth, so that the inletend of the pipe f will be at whatever depth in the water the temperatureis to be ascertained. In ascertaining the temperature at a great depththe supply-pipe f should be covered with a poor conductor of heatsuch asgutta perchathus preventing other temperatures through which it descendshaving any effect upon the water passing through the pipe.

. 'WVe claim as our invention- 1. The combination, with the closedvessel A and thermometer E, of the pipes O D, that open at their upperends into the vessel A, the valves or cocks J J to said pipes, and thesupplypipe 0, extending to water outside the 9 5 vessel and to thedesired depth, for the purposes and substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with the vessel A and thermometer E, of the pipes OandD and cocks or valves J J, a movable pipe, f, outside the vessel, andmechanism for raisingand lowering the same, so as to take in water atany de. sired depth, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the thermometer E, rods I, movable cap-piece G,and elastic washer d, of the plates B and F, glass vessel A, open at topand bottom, the elastic washers b c, and screw-rods a, substantially asset forth.

4. In a marine temperature-indicator, the

' combination, with the closed vessel A,,of a.

thermometer, E, mechanism for holding the

